Entry Nos. 2400–2499

1808 CE–1810 CE

#2449

Entozoorum, sive verminum intestinalium, historia naturalis. 2 vols.

A system of helminthology. Rudolphi gave the name “echinococcus” to the common vesicular hydatid, describing three species. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link .

1853 CE

#2450

Ueber Cestoden im allgemeinen und die des Menschen insbesondere, hauptsächlich mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Entwickelungsgeschichte, geographischen Verbreitung, Prophylaxe und Abtreibung; für Freunde der Naturwissenschaften, Aerzte, Medicinalpolizei-Beamte, Staats- und Privat-Oekonomen.

Kuchenmeister conducted research on tapeworms, trichinosis, and other parasites and wrote about it several works. In 1852, his theory that bladder-worms are juvenile tapeworms gained the attention of the medical profe…

1860 CE

#2451

Traité des entozoaires et des maladies vermineuses.

1864 CE–1869 CE

#2452

Entozoa. 2 pts.

Cobbold was the most distinguished helminthologist of his time. He named Filaria bancrofti, Bilharzia haematobia, and several other parasites. He was a friend of Manson, several of whose papers he communicated to the …

1862 CE–1876 CE

#2453

Die menschlichen Parasiten und die von ihnen herrührenden Krankheiten. 2 vols.

Includes the first complete and accurate account of the life history and morphology of Taenia echinococcus. Leuckart proved the relationship between hydatid cysts and minute tape-worms in dogs. English translation, Ed…

1883 CE

#2454

Die thierischen Parasiten des Menschen.

1883 CE

#2455

The Filaria sanguinis hominis and certain new form of parasitic disease in India, China and warm countries.

A collection of several papers written by Manson.

1886 CE–1890 CE

#2456

Traité de zoologie médicale. 2 vols.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1898 CE

#2457

Reise-Bericht über Rinderpest, Bubonenpest in Indien und Afrika, Tsetse-oder Surrakrankheit, Texasfieber, tropische Malaria, Schwarzwasserfieber.

1903 CE–1915 CE

#2458

Protozoa and disease. 4 vols.

1904 CE

#2459

Researches in helminthology and parasitology. With a bibliography of his contributions to science.

In vol. 46 of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Leidy was called the greatest descriptive naturalist in mid-19th century America.

1917 CE

#2460

Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and related forms.

1925 CE

#2461

Key-catalogue of the protozoa reported for man.

1926 CE

#2462

Protozoology. 2 vols.

Wenyon was one of the world’s foremost authorities on medical protozoology.

1929 CE

#2463

Landmarks in medical helminthology.

1659 CE

#2464

Diatribae duae medico-philosophicae, quarum prior agit de fermentatione sive de motu intestino particularum in quovis corpore, altera de febribus sive de motu earundum in sanguine animalium.

Includes (De febribus, cap. X, XIV) first description of epidemic typhoid. English translation in his Practice of physick, 1684, Treatise II, 83-98, 1111-18. Contains the earliest suggestion that fermentation is an in…

1778 CE

#2465

Abhandlung fiber die Saamen- und Infusionsthierchen, und über die Erzeugung: nebst mikroskopischen Beobachtungen des Saamens der Thiere, und verschiedener Infusionen.

Gleichen was probably the first to attempt to stain bacteria; he used carmine and indigo.

1786 CE

#2466

Animalcula infusoria fluviatilia et marina, quae detexit, systematice descripsit et ad vivum delineari.

Müller was the first to attempt a systematic classification of infusoria. He published several papers on the subject, the best being the above posthumous work. Muller described 8 species of the genus Vibrio (incl…

1787 CE

#2467

Dell’arte de fare il vino.

Fabbroni was the first to promote modern ideas on the nature of fermentation. He showed that air was not considered necessary for fermentation to take place; he was first to regard the ferment as an albumenoid substan…

1817 CE

#2468

Vergiftung durch verdorbene Würste.

Botulism first described. Kerner published an expanded study as Neue Beobachtungen über die in Würtemberg so häufig vorfallenden tödtlichen Vergiftung durch den Genuss geräuchter Würstem,…

1841 CE

#2470

Histoire naturelle des zoophytes.

Further modification of and improvements in the classification of bacteria.

1842 CE

#2471

History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form.

First description of Sarcina ventriculi, discovered by Goodsir.

1857 CE

#2472

Mémoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique.

First demonstration of the connection between a specific fermentation and the activity of a specific living micro-organism. This paper is often considered the beginning of bacteriology as a modern science. The above w…

1859 CE

#2473

Nouveaux faits pour server à l’histoire de la levure lactique.

This and the preceding entry mark Pasteur’s commencement of the study of fermentation. This paper described Pasteur’s method of cultivating micro-organisms in a medium free of organic nitrogen to produce f…

1860 CE

#2474

Expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées.

1861 CE

#2475

Mémoire sur les corpuscles organisés qui existent dans l’atmosphère. Examen de la doctrine des générations spontanées.

In these easily reproducible experiments, prefaced by an important historical introduction, Pasteur demonstrated beyond dispute that fermentation is caused by the action of minute living organisms, and that if these a…

1863 CE

#2476

Nouvel exemple de fermentation determinée par des animalcules infusoires pouvant vivre sans gaz oxygène libre, et en dehors de tout contact avec l’air de l’atmosphere.

Pasteur confirmed the fact, established by Schwann (No. 674) that putrefaction was a biological process.

1863 CE

#2477

Examen du rôle attribué au gaz oxygène atmosphérique dans la destruction des matières et végétales après la mort.

1863 CE

#2478

Recherches sur la putréfaction.

Pasteur was the first to differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic organisms. (See also Nos. 2476-77.)

1866 CE

#2479

Études sur le vin.

Although Pasteur’s method of preserving wine by partial heat sterilization (“pasteurization”) turned out to be a revival of Appert’s invention (No. 2467.1), Pasteur did rescue the method from o…

1868 CE

#2480

Études sur le vinaigre.

Pasteur proved that a microorganism was essential to acetification and developed a patented method which greatly increased the efficiency of production.

1870 CE

#2481

Études sur la maladie des vers à soie. 2 vols.

This work saved the French silk industry, which had been crippled by the disease pébrine. After three years of research on the problem, Pasteur was able to show that the disease known as pébrine was caus…

1871 CE

#2482

Ueber Bakterien in der Pockenhaut.

Weigert was the first to stain bacteria. He introduced many of the best staining methods in use today. Weigert discovered bacteria in hemorrhagic smallpox. In the same paper is described how carmine will color cocci.

1872 CE

#2483

Untersuchungen über Bacterien.

Cohn’s morphological classification of bacteria. He founded the Beiträge.

1873 CE

#2484

A further contribution to the natural history of bacteria and the germ theory of fermentative changes.

Isolation of Bacterium lactis, the specific micro-organism responsible for the lactic acid fermentation of milk.

1876 CE

#2485

Études sur la bière, ses maladies, causes qui les provoquent, procédé pour la rendre inaltérable; avec une théorie nouvelle de la fermentation.

Pasteur resumed his studies on fermentation in 1876, and in this book took into account the developments in this field since his previous publications on the subject. He described a new and perfected method of prepari…

1876 CE

#2486

Ueber eine Mykose bei einem neugeborenen Kinde (Bakterienfärbung mit Anilinfarben).

In this paper Weigert showed that methyl violet will reveal cocci in tissues.

1877 CE

#2487

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Anilinfärbungen und ihrer Verwendung in der mikroskopischen Technik.

Ehrlich’s first paper on the staining of specific granulation in white blood corpuscles by means of aniline dyes. His work immensely affected subsequent technical methods of staining.

1877 CE

#2488

Verfahrungen zur Untersuchung, zum Conserviren und Photographiren der Bacterien.

Koch greatly improved staining methods; he laid the foundations of the technical procedures employed in bacteriology today. In the above paper he described his method of slide preparation, making films of bacteria on …

1877 CE–1878 CE

#2489

On the lactic fermentation and its bearings on pathology.

Lister was the first to obtain a pure culture of a bacterium (Bact. lactis). Lister first presented the results of this research in an address to the Royal Society on December 18, 1877. Because of its historic signifi…

1877 CE

#2491

Fermentation and its bearings on the phenomena of disease.

See No. 2495.

1878 CE

#2492

Les bactéries.

Translated into English by George M. Sternberg as The bacteria (Boston, 1880). Sternberg illustrated the American edition with 5 heliotype reproductions of his own photomicrographs.

1881 CE

#2493

Ueber das Methylenblau und seine klinisch-bakterioskopische Verwerthung.

Introduction of methylene blue in bacteriological staining.

1881 CE

#2494

Report upon micro-organisms in surgical diseases.

Ogston showed that micrococci are constantly present in acute and chronic abscesses. He discovered Staphylococcus aureus. Ogston named staphylococcus in his paper, "Micrococcus poisoning," J. Anat. Physiol., 1882, 16,…

1881 CE

#2495

Essays on the floating-matter of the air in relation to putrefaction and infection.

Tyndall interested himself in atmospheric germs and dust. His experiments on sterilization by heat led him to the discovery in 1877 of fractional sterilization (Tyndallization). His work on the subject is included in …

1882 CE

#2496

Ueber Erysipel.

Discovery of Strep pyogenes, infectious agent of scarlet fever and other streptococcal illnesses. Fehleisen cultured it from perierysipelas lesions on humans. English translation, 1886.

1882 CE

#2497

Sur les colorations bleue et verte des linges à pansements.

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. pyocyanea).

1883 CE

#2498

Sur une forme de tuberculose sans bacilles.

Isolation of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis.

1884 CE

#2499

Ueber die isolirte Färbung der Schizomyceten in Schnitt- und Trocken-präparaten.

Gram’s method of staining bacteria (Gram stain). While not all bacteria may be definitively classified in this way, it is almost always the first step in the preliminary identification of a bacterial organism.