Entry Nos. 1400–1499

1826 CE

#1257

Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtssinnes des Menschen und der Thiere.

Includes Müller’s law of specific nerve energies. For an English translation, see his Elements of physiology, transl. W. Baly, London, 1838, vol. 1, pp. 766-67. Includes (p. 73) his explanation of the color…

1573 CE

#1377.2

De nervis opticis nonnulisque aliis praeter communem opinionem in humano capite observatis.

Varolio described a new method of dissection which enabled him to observe and describe the pons for the first time. By this new method Varolio was able to make some contributions to the knowledge of the course and ter…

1861 CE

#1400

Remarques sur le siège de la faculté du langage articulé, suivie d’une observation d’aphémie (perte de la parole).

Broca claimed the third left frontal convolution of the brain as the center of articulate speech – a point now disputed. He was first to trephine for a cerebral abscess diagnosed by this theory of localization o…

1861 CE

#1401

On the cerebellum, as the centre of co-ordination of the voluntary movements.

1865 CE

#1402

Recherches sur le système nerveux cérébro-spinal; sa structure, ses fonctions, et ses maladies. 1 vol. and atlas.

The beginning of knowledge of thalamic function. This work contains Luys’s descriptions of the two structures which bear his name: the subthalamic nucleus and the center median of the thalamus.

1867 CE

#1403

Der Bau der Gross-Hirnrinde und seine örtlichen Verschiedenheiten, nebst einem pathologisch-anatomischen Corollarium.

Meynert noticed regional variations in the histological structure of different parts of the gray matter in the cerebral hemispheres. He is credited with beginning the study of cytoarchitecture. Meynert described the f…

1869 CE

#1404

Researches on the physiology of the cerebellum.

Mitchell, leading American neurologist of his time, performed over 350 experiments upon the cerebellum. He emphasized its co-ordinating function, first postulated by Flourens, and he proposed his “augmentor&rdqu…

1870 CE

#1405

Ueber die elektrische Erregbarkeit des Grosshirns.

These workers showed that electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex in various experimental animals caused movements of the extremities of the opposite side of the body, thus proving the existence of a motor area i…

1870 CE

#1406

Experimentaluntersuchungen über das peripherische und centrale Nervensystem.

Modern study of the functions of the thalamus began with the important investigations of Gudden. He is remembered eponymically by “Gudden’s commissure” and “Gudden’s atrophy” &ndash…

1874 CE

#1407

Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra.

Discovery of the giant pyramidal cells of the motor cortex.

1874 CE

#1408

Untersuchungen über das Gehirn.

Hitzig accurately defined the limits of the motor area in the cerebral cortex of the dog and the monkey.

1876 CE

#1409

The functions of the brain.

Ferrier may be said to have laid the foundations of our knowledge concerning the localization of cerebral function. His book includes his earlier work published in the West Riding Lunatic Asylum Reports. Digital facsi…

1876 CE

#1410

Die Leitungsbahnen im Gehirn und Rückenmark des Menschen auf Grund entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Untersuchungen dargestellt.

Flechsig mapped out the motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, and named the “pyramidal tract”. See Clarke & O'Malley, The human brain and spinal cord, p. 857, and pp. 277-81. Digital facsimile fr…

1877 CE

#1411

Untersuchungen über die Haubenregion und ihre oberen Verknüpfungen im Gehirne des Menschen und einiger Säugethiere, mit Beiträgen zu den Methoden der Gehirnuntersuchung.

Forel elucidated the subthalamic region, “campus Foreli”.

1878 CE

#1412

On the comparative structure of the cortex cerebri.

Lewis described the giant cells of the precentral convolution.

1881 CE

#1413

Untersuchungen über die Localisation der Funktionen in der Grosshirnrinde des Menschen.

Exner identified the superficial tangential fibers of the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex, known eponymically as “Exner’s plexus”. Exner’s book of 1881 on cortical localization contained…

1881 CE

#1414

Ueber die Functionen der Grosshirnrinde.

Munk made important investigations on the functions of the temporal lobes.

1884 CE

#1415

The relation of the nervous system to the temperature of the body.

Ott studied the nervous regulation of body temperature. His papers on the heat-center in the brain and on the thermoinhibitory apparatus were published in the same journal, 1887, 14, 150-62, 428-38; 1888, 15, 85-104.

1886 CE

#1416

Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso.

Golgi’s histological studies made a clear conception of the nervous system possible for the first time. He demonstrated the existence of multipolar nerve-cells (Golgi cells) by means of his silver nitrate stain,…

1887 CE

#1417

Leçons sur les fonctions motrices du cerveau.

François-Franck’s studies on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the localization of function followed work in collaboration with Pitres; Charcot wrote the preface. See also No. 1423.

1887 CE

#1418

Ueber einen Fall von chronischer progressiver Lähmung der Augenmuskeln (Ophthalmoplegia externa) nebst Beschreibung von Ganglien-zellengruppen im Bereiche des Oculomotoriuskems.

“Westphal’s nucleus” – for accommodation – in the third cranial nerve. Called also “Edinger’s nucleus” (see the same journal, 1885, 16, 858-89).

1889 CE

#1419

A record of experiments upon the functions of the cerebral cortex.

A detailed analysis, by means of faradic stimulation, of the motor responses of the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, and spinal cord of higher primates.

1890 CE

#1420

Ueber ein abnormes Faserbündel der menschlichen Medulla oblongata.

“Pick’s bundle” of nerve fibres in the medulla oblongata.

1891 CE

#1421

Il cervelletto. Nuovi studi di fisiologia normale e patologica.

Luciani succeeded in keeping dogs alive after total extirpation of the cerebellum, and initiated the modern study of cerebellar function. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1894 CE

#1422

Ueber den sogenannten Granula der Nervenzellen.

“Nissl’s granules”.

1895 CE

#1423

Les centres moteurs corticaux chez l’homme.

Three papers by Charcot and Pitres in 1877, 1878, and 1883 left no doubt as to the existence of cortical motor centres in man. These were later published in book form (above).

1895 CE–1901 CE

#1424

Anatomie des centres nerveux. 2 vols.

Classic summary of neuroanatomy at the end of the nineteenth century—comprehensive, beautifully illustrated, and scholarly. It is a goldmine of historical information with an outstanding bibliography.

1895 CE

#1425

The growth of the brain.

1896 CE

#1426

Das Menschenhirn. Studien in der makroskopischen Morphologie. 2 vols.

Retzius studied a large series of subprimate, simian, and human brains, and clarified some of the more difficult problems of cerebral morphology.

1897 CE–1903 CE

#1427

Atlas des Gehirns: Schnitte durch das menschliche Gehirn in photographischen Originalen. 3 Abteilungen in 4 Bänden.

Abt. 1: 32 Frontalschnitte durch eine Grosshirnhemisphäre / hergestellt und erl. von Dr. Ernst Hahn und Dr. Heinrich Sachs (1897) Breslau : Verl. der Königlichen psychiatrischen Klinik, in Comm. bei Schlette…

1899 CE

#1428

Einleitung in die vergleichende Gehirnphysiologie und vergleichende Psychologie.

1903 CE

#1429

Zur anatomischen Gliederung des Cortex cerebri.

1905 CE

#1430

Histological studies on the localisation of cerebral function.

The precentral area of the cerebral cortex is known as “Campbell’s area”. Campbell and Brodmann were pioneers in the study of the architectonics of the cerebral cortex, or cerebral cytoarchitecture. …

1906 CE

#1431

Le syndrome thalamique.

The “thalamic syndrome”, investigations of the effect of localized thalamic injury.

1906 CE

#1432

The integrative action of the nervous system.

Sherrington insisted that the essential function of the nervous system was the co-ordination of activities of the various parts of the organism. His work on the nervous system, especially his experimental studies of r…

1907 CE

#1433

A new topographical survey of the human cerebral cortex, being an account of the distribution of the anatomically distinct cortical areas and their relationship to the cerebral sulci.

Elliot Smith, Professor of Anatomy at Cairo, Manchester, and University College, London, initiated modern studies of cerebral function with his work on the cortical pattern of the human brain. He identified 50 areas.

1908 CE

#1434

Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. VI. Die Cortexgliederung des Menschen.

“Brodmann’s areas”, the occipital and pre-occipital area of the cerebral cortex.

1909 CE

#1435

Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues.

Brodmann was a pioneer in the study of cytoarchitectonics, and this work forms the basis for localization of function in the cerebral cortex. Brodmann's "areas" are used to designate cortical function regions. Brodman…

1909 CE

#1436

Gehirn und Sympathicus.

First experimental studies on hypothalmic function

1909 CE

#1437

On the structure and functional relations of the optic thalamus.

1910 CE

#1438

Tetanic convulsions in frogs produced by acid fuchsin, and their relation to the problem of inhibition in the central nervous system.

1914 CE

#1439

Studies on cerebro-spinal fluid. III. The pathways of escape from the subarachnoid spaces with particular reference to the arachnoid villi.

Weed mapped out the pathways of the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. He described the pathways in this paper with 40 pages of text and 5 plates. This was the third of his four-part series of papers entitled Stu…

1917 CE

#1440

The development of the cerebro-spinal spaces in pig and man.

1921 CE

#1441

The form and functions of the central nervous system.

1924 CE

#1442

Experimental researches on sensory localization in the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macacus).

Dusser de Barenne demonstrated the major functional subdivisions of the sensory cortex.

1924 CE

#1443

Reflexes in response to stretch (myotatic reflexes).

This investigation of the stretch reflex was of value in elucidating muscle tone and posture.

1925 CE

#1444

Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. 1 vol. and atlas.

This work consisted of textbook of more than 800 pages and an atlas with 112 large-sized microphotographic plates of the cortex. The textbook contained detailed descriptions of their studies and an introduction to the…

1928 CE–1941 CE

#1445

Lectures on conditioned reflexes. 2 vols.

Besides his work on digestion, Pavlov is remembered for his investigations upon conditioned reflexes. An English translation of another work by Pavlov, entitled Conditioned reflexes, appeared in 1927.

1929 CE

#1446

Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen.

First recording of human brain activity, which Berger called electroencephalography. Berger actually recorded his first EEG in 1924, but did not publish the technique until 1929. He showed that the electrical activity…

1934 CE

#1447

The interpretation of potential waves in the cortex.

Confirmation of Berger’s findings (No. 1446). See also Brain, 1934, 57, 355-85.