1850–1859

1855 CE

#5877

Ophthalmoskopische Notizen 4. Seitliche Beleuchtung und mikroskopische Untersuchung am lebenden Auge.

Liebreich introduced lateral illumination in microscopic investigation of the living eye.

1855 CE

#1511

Osservazioni sul nervo ottico.

Panizza was the first to attribute the vision function to the posterior cortex.

1855 CE

#7545

Physical, sexual and natural religion: by a student of medicine.

Drysdale emphasized that sexual intercourse should be pleasurable for both sexes, but believed that the ever-present possibility of pregnancy prevented it from being so. He also believed that overpopulation itself was…

1855 CE

#9921

Portraits of diseases of the skin.

Wilson's atlas, with 48 plates drawn and engraved by the medical artist, William Bagg, was the first English large folio atlas of dermatology in the style of similar folios issued in France by Alibert and Cazenave. Th…

1855 CE

#6276

Puerperal fever, as a private pestilence.

Because his first paper (No. 6274) had been published in a short-lived journal with very small circulation, Holmes enlarged his famous essay on the contagiousness of puerperal fever, and in this reiteration mentioned …

1855 CE

#5876

Quelques considérations sur la nature de l’ophthalmie dite militaire, par rapport à son apparition dans l’armée danoise depuis 1851.

Description of trachoma.

1855 CE

#11566

Self-adjusting stethoscope of Dr. Cammann.

The American physician George P. Cammann invented the binaural flexible stethoscope. By 1852 Cammann "had developed a stethoscope with flexible tubing (spirals of wire covered with silk, later rubber, or as he called …

1855 CE

#6042

Successful case of extirpation of the uterus.

First successful abdominal hysteroscopic myomectomy (for fibromyoma), 1 September 1853.

1855 CE

#1000

Sur le mécanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie.

The culmination of Bernard’s work on the glycogenic function of the liver. He invented the term “internal secretion” and can be said to have started the scientific investigation of the internal secre…

1855 CE

#11522

Topografía médica de la isla de Cuba.

Digital facsimile from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

1855 CE

#13002

Ueber das Erythroxylin, dargestellt aus den Blättern des in Südamerika cultivirten Strauches Erythroxylon Coca Lam.

Gaedcke, a chemist and pharmacologist, was the first to isolate the cocaine aklaloid.

1855 CE

#1510

Ueber die Bewegung der Iris: Für Physiologen und Ärzte,

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1855 CE

#1995.1

Ueber methodische Electrisirung gelähmter Muskeln.

Discovery of the motor points, the entry points of the nerves into the muscles – essential for stimulating the muscles by electricity.

1855 CE

#5107

Unterschungen und Beobachtungen über die Verbreitungsart der Cholera.

Pettenkofer gave much attention to the etiology of cholera. He postulated the theory that a specific germ, certain local conditions, certain seasonal conditions, and certain individual conditions are all necessary for…

1855 CE

#485

Untersuchungen überdie Entwickelungder Wirbelthiere.

Simplification of von Baer’s classification of the germ-layers.

1855 CE

#5454.2

Yellow fever, considered in its historical, pathological, etiological, and therapeutical relations: including a sketch of the disease as it has occurred in Philadelphia from 1699 to 1854, with an examination of the connections between it and the fevers known under the same name in other parts of temperate, as well as in tropical, regions. 2 vols.

The most important 19th century American monograph on yellow fever. La Roche’s work sketched the disease in its appearances from 1699 to 1854 at Philadelphia, which saw some of the worst yellow fever epidemics, …

1855 CE

#4330

Zur Pathologie des menschlichen Fusses.

First description of osteoperiostitis of the metatarsal bones, named “Busquet’s disease” after the latter’s description of it in Rev. Chir. (Paris), 1897, 17, 1065.

1855 CE–1856 CE

#10884

Des caractères anatomiques des grands singes pseudo-anthropomorphes.

With 16 lithographed plates, this continues to be one of the most frequently cited of all works in the history of primate anatomy.

1855 CE–1856 CE

#615

Leçons de physiologie expérimentale appliquée à la médecine. 2 vols.

Claude Bernard made strenuous efforts to introduce experimental methods into physiology. The above includes his classic work on the function of the liver, pancreas, and gastric glands. Vol. 1, p. 126: Catheterization …

1855 CE–1856 CE

#5873

Ueber die Coremorphosis als Mittel gegen chronische Iritis und Iridochorioiditis.

Graefe introduced iridectomy in the treatment of iritis and iridochoroiditis.

1855 CE–1869 CE

#422

Medical anatomy: or, illustrations of the relative position and movements of the internal organs. 7 pts.

Sibson was professor of medicine at St. Mary’s Hospital. “Sibson’s fascia” and “muscle” are named after him. Plates 19-21 show movements, structure and sounds of the heart.

1855 CE–1871 CE

#417

Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. 3 vols.

Considered by many authorities to be the greatest of the 19th-century systems of anatomy. Many structures are named after Henle, including the looped portion of the uriniferous tubules of the kidney, the layer of cell…

1856 CE

#2384

First demonstration of the experimental inoculability of syphilis. The information is given in a discussion on the subject by the Society of Physicians of the Palatinate; it appeared anonymously, without title, and id…

1856 CE

#14062

Kitab-i jarrahi wa yak risalah dar kahhali [in Persian; English translation: Book on surgery with a treatise on ophthalmology]. Lithographed text.

The first Persian-language surgery and ophthalmology textbook based on Western medical science. Polak based his textbook on Joseph Maximilien Chelius’s Handbuch der Chirurgie (1830) and Handbuch der Augenheilkun…

1856 CE

#2079

Analyse physiologique des propriétés des systèmes musculaires et nerveux au moyen de curare.

Bernard paralysed motor nerve-endings with curare and demonstrated the independent excitability of muscle. He showed that curare acted by stopping the transmission of impulses from motor nerves to voluntary muscles.

1856 CE

#12319

Anatomical and surgical lectures.

A one-page advertising circular dated December 10, 1856 advertising Cooper's first course of private lectures in San Francisco. Cooper, founder of California’s (and the West Coast’s) first medical school, …

1856 CE

#3169

Beiträge zur Lehre von den beim Menschen vorkommenden pflanzlichen Parasiten.

First description of pulmonary aspergillosis.

1856 CE

#3934

Bericht über einige Versuche, um den Ursprung des Harnzuckers bei künstlichem Diabetes zu ermitteln.

Schiffs important experiments on the production of artificial diabetes.

1856 CE

#2534

Bidrag til Laeren om den saakaldte putride eller septiske Infection.

Panum was the first to investigate the chemical products of putrefaction. His work had great significance for the doctrine of putrid intoxication. An abstract of the above paper is in jb. in-u. ausländ. ges. Med.…

1856 CE

#3265

Case of pharyngotomy.

First pharyngotomy in England. Fuller report in Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1858, 3 ser., 4, 217.

1856 CE

#3764

Cases of a peculiar enlargement of the lymphatic glands frequently associated with disease of the spleen.

Wilks really put Hodgkin’s disease “on the map”; the second paper for the first time attached Hodgkin’s name to the disease

1856 CE

#4532

Cases of paraplegia [with autopsies of ataxic cases, showing lesions in the posterior columns of the spinal cord].

Gull showed the lesions of tabes dorsalis to be located in the posterior columns of the spinal cord.

1856 CE

#11301

Catalogue of the pathological museum of Prof. T. D. Mutter.

Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

1856 CE

#13464

Circumstances affecting the heat of the sun's rays.

Foote was the first scientist known to have experimented on the warming effect of sunlight on different gases. In this two-page paper she theorized that changing the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere woul…

1856 CE

#5183.2

Clinica médica. Abcesos del higado.

Jimenez gave a classic account of liver abscess in amoebiasis.

1856 CE

#10112

Clinical researches on disease in India. 2 vols.

One of the most comprehensive studies of disease in India during the mid-19th century; includes 556 case reports. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link

1856 CE

#11072

De l'homicide et de l'anthropophagie.

One of the earliest works on cannibalism, and probably the first work to combine a discussion of homicide and cannibalism from the medical viewpoint. The author, who was very widely read on these subjects, searched fo…

1856 CE

#4531

De l’hémiplégie alterne envisagée comme signe de lésion de la protrubérance annulaire et comme preuve de la décussation des nerfs faciaux.

“Gubler’s paralysis” – crossed hemiplegia. English translation in Wolf, The classical brain stem syndromes, Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1971.

1856 CE

#13863

Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of invertebrata contained in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

1856 CE

#8215

Die geographischen Verhältnisse der Krankheiten oder Grundzüge der Noso-Geographie. Vol. 1: Allgemeine Gesetze und Lehren der Noso-Geographie; Vol. 2: Thesaurus Noso-Geographicus.

Digital facsimile from Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf at this link.

1856 CE

#617

Die medizinische Physik.

1856 CE

#10458

Du suicide et de la folie suicide, considérés dans leur rapports avec la statistique, la médecine et la philosophie.

Pioneering monograph on this subject. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1856 CE

#7809

Eastern hospitals and English nurses; the narrative of twelve months' experience in the hospitals of Koulali and Scutari by a lady volunteer. 2 vols.

Taylor accompanied Florence Nightingale to Scutari, and worked as nurse in the military hospitals. She provided one of the first eye-witness acounts of military hospitals at Scutari and Koulali, and wrote about the ma…

1856 CE

#13687

Étude médico-légale sur l’avortement, suivie d’observations et de recherches pour servir à l’histoire médico-légale des grossesses fausses et simulées.

Perhaps the most widely revised and reprinted of all of Tardieu's works. 4th revised & enlarged edition, 1881; 7th revised and enlarged edition, 1904; new revised edition, 1907, 1925, 1939. Digital facsimile of the 4t…

1856 CE

#773

Études expérimentales sur les lésions organiques du coeur.

Faivre made the first accurate estimation of the blood-pressure in man, by connecting the artery with a mercury manometer and making direct readings. These investigations were important, since they established normal …

1856 CE

#14125

Glances and glimpses; or fifty years social, including twenty years professional life.

The autobiography of the first woman to practice medicine professionally in the United States. Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

1856 CE

#1461

Grundzüge der Physiologie und Systematik der Sprachlaute für Linguisten und Taubstummenlehrer.

1856 CE

#7875

Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America. Intended to contain descriptions and figures of North American birds not given by former American authors, and a general synopsis of North American ornithology. 1853 to 1855.

Originally issued in ten parts from 1853 to 1855. Cassin ran an engraving and lithographing firm in Philadelphia, which produced illustrations for government and scientific publications. He pursued ornithology as an a…

1856 CE

#5878

Iritis – non-mercurial treatment.

The second and third papers are entitled “On the treatment of iritis without mercury”.

1856 CE

#3992.1

Leçons sur les maladies de la peau.

Cazenave was among the first to classify skin diseases on an anatomical basis. He founded the first journal devoted entirely to dermatology (Annales des maladies de la peau et de la syphilis). This large folio atlas i…