Facets

1873 CE

#628

Principles of animal mechanics.

Haughton stated that the muscular mechanism is so arranged that its work is carried out with the minimum of muscular contraction. This he called the “principle of least action”. His opposition to Darwinism…

1907 CE

#1709

Probability: The foundation of eugenics.

1990 CE

#8379

Proceedings of the first conference on visualization in biomedical computing. May 22-25, 1990. Norbert F. Ezquerra, Chair.

1959 CE

#12655

Programs with Common Sense. IN: Mechanisation of thought processes, Proceedings of the Symposium of the National Physics Laboratory, pages 77-84.

"Programs with Common Sense was probably the first paper on logical AI, i.e. AI in which logic is the method of representing information in computer memory and not just the subject matter of the program. The paper was…

1993 CE

#7182

Radiological oncologists: The unfolding of a medical specialty.

1984 CE

#11363

Readings in medical artificial intelligence: The first decade. Edited by William Clancey and Edward H. Shortliffe.

1959 CE

#6908

Reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis.

The beginning of the development of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) — interactive computer programs, or expert systems, designed to assist physicians and other health professionals with decision making …

1845 CE

#145.58

Recherches mathématiques sur la loi d’accroissement de la population.

In his second paper on population growth Verhulst introduced the term, logistic. He modified his equation so its early part is exponential and becomes logistic only after a definite length of time. Verhulst published …

1978 CE

#9720

Recombinant DNA: The untold story.

1960 CE

#12654

Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part 1.

The original paper on LISP, the first programming language designed for symbolic computation, which made the development of artificial intelligence programming possible. Part 2 was never published. Digital text from j…

1880 CE–1895 CE

#9626

Report on the scientific results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76, under the command of Captain George S. Nares… and Captain Frank Tourle Thomson. 42 vols. in 50.

This work edited by John Murray and Charles Wyville Thomson, and completed by Murray after Thomson's death, was published over a 15 year period, and included about 29,500 pages and more than 3,280 plates. It treated i…

1963 CE

#8149

Representation of a Function by its Line Integrals, with Some Radiological Applications.

Cormack showed that changes in tissue density could be computed from x-ray data. Because of limitations in computing power no machine was constructed during the 1960s. Cormack's papers generated little interest until …

2020 CE

#13332

Revolutionary therapies: How the California Stem Cell Program saved lives, eased suffering - and changed the face of medicine forever.

2020 CE

#13506

Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine.

BNT162b2 is synonomous with the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine was produced from theoretical design to finished product and distribution in less than one year. This was the fir…

2006 CE

#7167

Science and technology in medicine. An illustrated account based on ninety-nine landmark publications from five centuries.

Forewards by Leslie A. Geddes and Paul U. Unschuld. Introduction by Jeremy M. Norman. Unusually well designed and produced.

1997 CE

#7370

Scientists and the sea 1650-1900. A study of marine science.

2002 CE

#7953

Semiotic flesh: Information and the human body. Edited by Phillip Thurtle and Robert Mitchell.

Includes "The virtual surgeon: Operating on the data in an age of medialization" by Timothy Lenoir.

2016 CE

#8847

Simulation in healthcare education: An extensive history.

The first history of this topic on the history of mannikins and the unusually wide variety of devices, including interactive software, used in the training of the different specialties in medicine and nursing.

2009 CE

#13335

Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Sato, de Vries, .... Clevers. Clevers and postdoc Toshiro Sato took adult stem cells from the mouse intestine and created the first mini-guts they called organoids&mdas…

1987 CE

#13931

Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.

In 2007 Capecchi shared the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of em…

2016 CE

#13722

Social media use in healthcare: A systematic review of effects on patients and on their relationship with healthcare professionals.

"Since the emergence of social media in 2004, a growing percentage of patients use this technology for health related reasons. To reflect on the alleged beneficial and potentially harmful effects of social media use b…

1982 CE

#10046

Splicing life: A report on the social and ethical issues of genetic engineering with human beings.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1899 CE

#1707

Statistical methods, with special reference to biological variation.

Davenport introduced statistical methods into American evolutionary studies.

2002 CE

#13598

Stem cells and the future of regenerative medicine.

In 2001 this report cited the following diseases with high prevalence in the United States as likely candidates for stem cell research: Cardiovascular Disease: 58 million U.S. patients Automimmune Disease: 30 million …

1960 CE

#6912

Structure of myoglobin: A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Å resolution.

Kendrew's second paper reporting the first solution of the three-dimensional molecular structure of a protein, for which he shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Max Perutz, who solved the structure of the rel…

1939 CE

#3098

Studies on leukemia with the aid of radioactive phosphorus.

Therapeutic use of radioactive isotopes for the treatment of leukemia. John H. Lawrence was the brother of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron; John Lawrence also worked at the Lawrence Berkeley Nationa…

2018 CE

#12738

Subsystem organization of axonal connections within and between right and left cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei (endbrain).

"Significance "The right and left cerebral hemispheres (together forming the endbrain) support cognition and affect, and, structurally, each hemisphere consists of a cortical sheet and set of deep nuclei (often called…

1835 CE

#1698.1

Sur l’homme et le développement des facultés, ou essai de physique sociale. 2 vols.

Quetelet’s statistical researches on the development of the physical and intellectual qualities of man, and an exposition of his concept of the “average man”, which became the by-word of quantitative…

1896 CE

#2001

Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence.

The discovery of radioactivity – research stimulated by Roentgen’s discovery of x rays. In 1903 Becquerel received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he h…

1953 CE

#14290

Switching systems as mechanized brains.

Written in the earliest days of automatic switching systems when few electronic computers existed, Meszar's paper raised the question of whether certain aspects of human thought are computable and others are not. Mesz…

1731 CE

#9461

Tabular observations recommended as the plainest and surest way of practising and improving physick. In a letter to a friend.

Clifton argued that physicians should base their judgments about the effects of treatments on a sufficient number of their own observations, or trusted observations by other physicians, rather than on the correlation …

1531 CE

#7627

Tacuini sanitatis Elluchasem Elimithar Medici de Baldath, de sex rebus non naturalibus, earum naturis, operationibus, & rectificationibus, publico omnium usui, conseruandae sanitatis, recens exarati. Albengnefit De uirtutibus medicinarum, & ciborum. Iac. Alkindus De rerum gradibus.

A Christian physician of Baghdad, Ibn Butlān traveled widely, eventually settling in Antioch. His treatise on hygiene and dietetics, Taqwām al-sihhah (The Almanac of Health) presented a guide to medical regimen in tab…

1987 CE

#13940

Targeted correction of a mutant HPRT gene in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Smithies discovered, simultaneously with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more reliable method of altering animal genomes than previ…

2018 CE

#13049

Telemedicine and health technologies: A guide for mental health professionals.

"...Telepsychiatry and Health Technologies: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals is a practical, comprehensive, and evidence-based guide to patient-centered clinical care delivered in whole or in part by technologi…

1975 CE

#7522

Telemedicine: Explorations in the use of telecommunications in health care.

The first book on telemedicine, with contributions by 18 authors, including Kenneth T. Bird. In the final chapter the editors summarize telemedicine programs then operational in the United States. The book also includ…

1991 CE

#8138

Telepresence: Dextrous procedures in a virtual operating field.

The first teleoperated surgery. Funded by the U.S. Dept. of Defense, the first prototype of a telesurgery robot was developed at Stanford Research International (SRI) (Menlo Park, CA) and called the Green Telepresence…

1998 CE

#8139

Telesurgical laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

First teleoperated (robotic) surgery on a patient. "On March 3, 1997, I successfully performed the first “robotic” laparoscopic cholecystectomy on a 52-year old female patient who suffered from symptomatic…

1949 CE

#7992

The Army Medical Library research project at the Welch Medical Library.

One of the first reports on one of the earliest projects in automating information retrieval, the expression for which was coined by Calvin Mooers the following year. At this early date electronic computers were not y…

2013 CE

#13284

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Science, governance, and the pursuit of cures

The California Institute for Regenerative medicine was the first state-fund institution that provided stable, in-state funding on a very large scale for biomedical research. "The California Institute for Regenerative …

1932 CE

#254

The causes of evolution.

Haldane’s summary of his mathematical theory of natural selection. The detailed mathematical theory appeared as Mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection, first published (Pt. I) in Trans. Camb. ph…

1897 CE

#1706

The chances of death and other studies in evolution. 2 vols.

2009 CE

#11399

The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Patel, Shortliffe, Stefanelli, Szolovits, Berthold, Bellazzi, Abu-Hanna. "Abstract: This paper is based on a panel discussion held at the Artificial Intelligence in Med…

1998 CE

#7642

The complete visible human: The complete high-resolution male and female anatomical datasets from the Visible Human Project.

The first anatomically exact and complete, three-dimensional, computer-generated reconstruction of actual human bodies. Includes 2 CD-ROMs. See https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html.

1951 CE–1952 CE

#6910

The computation of Fourier syntheses with a digital electronic calculating machine.

The first paper published in a scientific journal on the application of an electronic computer to computational biology. At the second English computer conference held in Manchester from July 9-12, 1951 computer scien…

1968 CE

#8172

The computer and medical care.

1991 CE

#10303

The computer-based patient record: An essential technology for health care. Committee on Improving the Patient Record, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine. Edited by Richard S. Dick and Elaine B. Steen

1977 CE

#12031

The construction of molecular cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system.

Order of authorship in the original publication Bolivar, Rodriguez, Betlach...Boyer...The authors describe the composition and molecular construction of pBR-322 (named after Bolivar and Rodriguez) and call it "the mos…

1918 CE

#248

The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance.

"Fisher put forward a genetics conceptual model that shows that continuous variation amongst phenotypic traits could be the result of Mendelian inheritance. The paper also contains the first use of the statistical ter…

2010 CE

#7359

The cybernetic brain: Sketches of another future.

2011 CE

#13319

The delivery of regenerative medicines and their impact on healthcare. Edited by Catherine D. Prescott and Dame Julia Polak.