Germany

1872 CE–1877 CE

#9069

Thesaurus literaturae botanicae omnium gentium inde a rerum botanicarum initiis ad nostra usque tempora. Quindecim millia operum recensens. Editionem novam reformatam.

First published in 1851, this documents literature from ancient times to publication date. Research involved examination of 40,000 works in libraries at Vienna, Geneva, London, Paris and various German locations. Digi…

1873 CE

#2302

Neue Untersuchungen über die Entzündung.

Cohnheim was the master experimental pathologist of the 19th century. He was a pupil of Virchow and Kölliker; in contradiction of the former, he showed the essential feature of inflammation to be the passage of l…

1873 CE

#2225

Untersuchungen über den fieberhaften Process und seine Behandlung.

Senator was a director of the Charité Hospital in Berlin and later at the university polyclinic. His study of fever represents his best work.

1873 CE–1874 CE

#4976

Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie. 2 pts.

Wundt made experimental investigations of normal individual reactions, reflex responses, and general behavior, and interpreted them in terms of neural mechanisms. He was the founder of experimental psychology, and his…

1874 CE

#493

Anthropogenie oder Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen.

1874 CE

#2174

Chirurgische Beobachtungen aus dem Kriege.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1874 CE

#4938

Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein, Eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit.

In 1869 Kahlbaum suggested catatonia as a separate disease entity and in 1874 his classic monograph appeared. English translation, Baltimore, 1973. Digital facsimile of the 1874 edition from wellcomecollection.org at …

1874 CE

#494

Unsere Körperform und das physiologische Problem ihrer Entstehung.

In this work His compared the various layers and organs of the embryo to a series of elastic tubes and plates. He thought that the local inequalities of growth and the differences in the consistency of the tissues mig…

1874 CE

#1408

Untersuchungen über das Gehirn.

Hitzig accurately defined the limits of the motor area in the cerebral cortex of the dog and the monkey.

1874 CE

#12064

Untersuchungen über die Vegetationsformen von Coccobacteria septica und den Antheil, Welchen sie an der Enstehung und Verbreitung der accidentellen Wundkrankheiten Haben. Versuch einer wissenschaftlichen Kritik der verscheidenen Methoden antiseptischer Wundbehandlung.

Billroth provided the first account of streptocci wound infection, calling the bacteria Coccobacteria septica. When Billroth introduced antisepic techniques in his surgical practice the number of surgical patients wit…

1874 CE–1875 CE

#4550

Klinik der Rückenmarks-Krankheiten.

One of Leyden’s best works. He was Professor of Medicine at Berlin, Königsberg, and Strassburg. In vol. 2, p. 65, of the above is given an account of “Leyden’s paralysis”, a form of hemipl…

1875 CE

#2126

Beiträge zur Chirurgie, anschliessend an einen Bericht über die Thätigkeit der chirurgischen Universitäts-Klinik zu Halle im Jahre 1873.

Contains (pp. 370-81) first description of industrial tar and paraffin cancer.

1875 CE

#339

Der Ursprung der Wirbelthiere und das Princip des Functionswechsels.

Dohrn’s theory of change of function as the origin of evolutionary novelties.

1875 CE

#2226

Handbuch der Pathologie und Therapie des Fiebers.

1875 CE

#1748

Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Psychopathologie.

1875 CE

#2

Papyros Ebers: Das hermetische Buch über die Arzeneimittel der alten Ägypter in hieratischer Schrift, herausgegeben mit Inhaltsangabe und Einleitung versehen von Georg Ebers, mit Hieroglyphisch-Lateinischem Glossar von Ludwig [Christian] Stern, mit Unterstützung des Königlich Sächsischen Cultusministerium. 2 vols.

The Ebers Papyrus dates from about 1552 BCE. It measures 20.23 m. in length and 30 cm. in height, and is, along with the Edwin Smith Papyrus, one of the two most important surviving medical papyri. It was written in h…

1875 CE

#8443

Plinii Secundi quae fertur una cum Gargilli Martialis medicina: Nunc primum edita a Valentino Rose.

Fragments of Martialis's work (probably called De hortis), which treated of the cultivation of trees and vegetables, and also of their medicinal properties, survived, chiefly in the body of and as an appendix to the M…

1875 CE

#4556

Ueber einen wenig bekannten spinalen Symptomencomplex.

“Erb–Charcot disease” (spastic spinal paralysis).

1875 CE–1876 CE

#4743

Klinik der Rückenmarks-Krankheiten. Bd. 2, pt.2.

First description of myotonia congenita occurs on p. 550.

1876 CE

#5794

Chirurgie vor 100 Jahren; historische Studie.

Reprinted Berlin, Springer, 1978.

1876 CE

#6469

Die ersten Anfänge der Heilkunde und die Medizin im alten Aegypten. Eine kulturgeschichteliche Skizze.

Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenscbaftlicher Vorträge, No. 255.

1876 CE

#1410

Die Leitungsbahnen im Gehirn und Rückenmark des Menschen auf Grund entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Untersuchungen dargestellt.

Flechsig mapped out the motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, and named the “pyramidal tract”. See Clarke & O'Malley, The human brain and spinal cord, p. 857, and pp. 277-81. Digital facsimile fr…

1876 CE

#696

Die quantitative Spectralanalyse in ihrer Anwendung auf Physiologie, Physik, Chemie und Technologie.

Vierordt’s spectral analyses of hemoglobin, bile and urine were of great value. He studied the variations in the spectrum of oxyhemoglobin produced by different dilutions of this substance and was thus able to e…

1876 CE

#2304

Die Sections-Technik im Leichenhause des Charité-Krankenhauses.

On the technique of dissection. English translation, London, 1876.

1876 CE

#5993

Geschichte des grauen Staares.

An early history of cataract.

1876 CE

#6389

Grundriss der Geschichte der Medicin und des heilenden Standes.

Until superseded by Garrison, Baas’s book was the most important one-volume text on the history of medicine. For an expert evaluation of it, see Garrison’s History, 4th ed., p. 884. An English translation,…

1876 CE

#11222

Handbuch der Samenkunde: physiologisch-statistische Untersuchungen über den wirthschaftlichen Gebrauchswerth der land- und forstwirthschaftlichen, sowie gärtnerischen Saatwaren.

In 1869 Nobbe set up the first seed control station, establishing the science of seed testing. He set out to improve seed quality in a sustainable way, through systematic inspection. In his Handbuch der Samenkunde he …

1876 CE

#3285

Rhinitis chronica. Ozaena. Stockschnupfen. Stinknase. In Ziemssen’s Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie 4, I, 125-34

Fraenkel established ozena (atrophic rhinitis) as a clinical entity.

1876 CE

#6190

Ueber das Verhalten des Uterus und Cervix in der Schwangerschaft und während der Geburt.

“Bandl’s ring”. Bandl was professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at Vienna and Prague.

1876 CE–1878 CE

#4557

Handbuch der Krankheiten des Nervensystems.

Erb was Professor of Neurology at Heidelberg. He gave the original descriptions of several nervous disorders, especially the muscular dystrophies, and was a pioneer in the use of electrotherapy.

1877 CE

#176

Beiträge zur physischen Anthropologie der Deutschen. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Friesen.

Virchow made an important survey of the physical characters of the German people. Outside pathology of which he was the Master, Virchow’s greatest scientific interest was anthropology.

1877 CE

#5915

Beziehungen der Allgemein-Leiden und Organ-Erkrankungen zu Veränderungen und Krankheiten des Sehorgans. In: GRAEFE and SAEMISCH, Handbuch der gesammten Augenheilkunde, 7, Theil 5, 59-234

Förster was among the first to study the relationship between eye disease and general and organic disease of the body.

1877 CE

#7118

De observatione ciborum epistula ad Theudericum Regem Francorum. Iterum edidit Valentinus Rose.

De observatione ciborum ("On the Observance of Foods") by Anthimus, a Byzantine physician at the court of the Ostrogoth king Theodoric, concerns foods and their preparations as well as the use of foods for selected ai…

1877 CE

#145.61

Die Auster und die Austernwirtschaft.

In this study of oyster culture precipitated by the impoverishment of natural oyster beds, Möbius provided the earliest description of a marine animal community maintained in a state of equilibrium by limitations…

1877 CE

#4624

Die Störungen der Sprache.

Kussmaul termed aphasia “word-blindness”. The book was issued as a supplement to vol. 12 of Ziemssen’s Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie. English translation in Ziemssen’s Cyclope…

1877 CE

#6761.1

Die Uebersetzungen arabischer Werke in das Lateinische seit dem XI. Jahrhundert.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1877 CE

#5994

Geschichte der Ophthalmologie. In: GRAEFE and SAEMISCH, Handbuch der gesammten Augenheilkunde 7, Theil 5, 235-554

The first systematic history of the subject.

1877 CE

#698

Osmotische Untersuchungen.

The osmotic pressures of solutions were found by Pfeffer to be directly in proportion to the concentration of the solute and to the absolute temperature. English translation, 1895.

1877 CE–1880 CE

#2303

Vorlesungen über allgemeine Pathologie. 2 vols.

Apart from Virchow’s Cellularpathologie, this was the most influential textbook of pathology during the 19th century. It includes (vol. 1, p. 38) a report on the experimental production of heart murmurs. English…

1877 CE–1893 CE

#6337

Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten. Hrsg. von C. GERHARDT. 9 vols.

Gerhardt edited this great work, which was written by the foremost pediatricians of the time and which gives a close-up view of pediatric knowledge at the end of the 19th century.

1878 CE

#13475

Der Alkoholismus seine Verbreitung und Wirkung auf den Individuellen und sozialen Organismus, sowie die Mittel Ihn zu Bekämpfen.

1878 CE

#3125.3

Die progressive perniziöse Anämie.

Comprehensive account.

1878 CE

#2536

Untersuchungen über die Aetiologie der Wundinfectionskrankheiten.

Koch’s epochal work on the etiology of traumatic infectious disease established his reputation. He inoculated animals with material from various sources and produced six types of infection, each due to microorga…

1878 CE–1882 CE

#3387

Lehrbuch der Ohrenheilkunde. 2 pts.

Politzer was one of the greatest of all otologists. He was the first Professor of Otology in Vienna and his textbook was for many years the standard authority on the subject. English translation, 1883.

1879 CE

#9012

Cassius Felicis De medicina ex Graecis logicae sectae auctoribus liber translatus sub Artabure et Calepio consulibus (anno 447) nunc primu editus a Valentino Rose.

Editio princeps. Cassius Felix was a Roman African medical writer, probably native of Constantina (now Algeria). His De medicina is a simple handbook for practical use, drawing on Greek medical sources. Digital facsim…

1879 CE

#3685.01

Die antiseptische Behandlung der Pulpakrankheiten des Zahnes. Mit Beiträgen sur Lehre von den Neubildungen in der Paulpa.

Witzel used histological methods to analyze pulp diseases, and applied antiseptic principles to their treatment. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1879 CE

#12274

Die Diagnostik des Pulses in Bezug auf die localen Veränderungen desselben.

Bedford 56: "Pulse reporting by hydrosphygmograph by Italian physiologist Angelo Mosso (1846-1910), who was professor of pharmacology at Turin University." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1879 CE

#12084

Gesammelte Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der öffentlichen Medicin und der Seuchenlehre. 2 vols.

Virchow "articulated that the moral goal of the political role of medicine was to become an active agent in eliminating social inequality" (Dorothy Porter, Doctors, the state and the ethics of political medical practi…

1879 CE

#7703

Gesammelte Schriften. 2 vols.

In "Beschreibung und mikroskopische Untersuchungen von Mumien", published in I, 114-156, Czermak used histology to identify arterioschlerosis in an Egyptian mummy. Digital facsimile of this specific paper from ECHO at…

1879 CE

#4940

Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie auf klinischer Grundlage.

English translation, Philadelphia, 1905.