Germany

1842 CE

#5856

Ueber das Schielen und die Heilung desselben durch eine Operation.

The first successful attempt at treating strabismus by myotomy. The operation was later abandoned owing to the frequently disastrous final effects. A preliminary paper appeared in Med. Ztg., 1839, 8, 227.

1842 CE

#4416

Ueber spontane und congenitale Luxationen.

1843 CE

#1677

Bibliotheca epidemiographica.

A second edition was published in 1862. Digital facsimile of the second edition from the Medical Heritage Library at the Internet Archive, at this link.

1843 CE

#2420

Die ältesten Schriftseller über die Lustseuche in Deutschland, von 1495 bis 1510.

Gives texts of German tracts on syphilis published between 1495 and 1510.

1843 CE

#5857

Die Krankheiten und Missbildungen des menschlichen Auges und deren Heilung. 2 vols.

Himly was professor of ophthalmology at Jena and later at Göttingen. He introduced clinical teaching in ophthalmology.

1844 CE

#11526

Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis Terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto

Forster was the naturalist on James Cook's second Pacific voyage, during which he was accompanied by his son Georg. His Descriptiones animalium was completed within a month of returning to England with Cook, but remai…

1844 CE

#10132

Psychopathia sexualis.

The first medical text exclusively devoted to sexuality, though Kaan's views reflected religious, and other prejudices of the time. Digital facsimile of the 1844 edition from staatsbibliothek-berlin.de at this link. T…

1845 CE

#1503

Beitrag zur physiologischen Optik.

1845 CE

#4930

Die Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten.

Griesinger put an end to the moralistic theory of insanity as advanced by Heinroth. He was the first in Germany to abandon violence in the treatment of the insane; his book remained an authority on the subject for 30 …

1845 CE

#5746.4

Die plastische Chirurgie.

Fritze and Reich studied under Dieffenbach. This is the first extensively illustrated general treatise on plastic surgery published in Europe. Some copies have the plates hand-colored.

1845 CE

#10479

Entstehung, Berlauf und Behandlung der Krankheiten der Künstler und Gewerbetreibenden. Nach dem neuesten Standpunkte der Medizin, Chemie, Mechanik und Technologie, so wie nach den Mittheilungen berühmter Gewertsärzte des In-und Auslandes und eigenen Forschungen bearbeitet.

See Karbe, "The significance of A.C.L. Halfort's work on The development, course and treatment of diseases in artists and tradesmen (Berlin 1845)," Z. Gesamte Hyg. 21 (1975) 74-8. Digital facsimile from Google Books a…

1845 CE

#6517

Kinderfahrten, eine historisch-pathologische Skizze.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1845 CE

#6384

Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin und der Volkskrankheiten.

As an historian, Haeser was eclipsed only by his fellow-countryman Sudhoff. A third edition, in three volumes, appeared in 1875-82 and was reprinted, Hildesheim, G.Olms, 1971.

1845 CE–1848 CE

#5598.1

Die operative Chirurgie. 2 vols.

Dieffenbach’s most comprehensive work, covering in addition to reconstructive procedures, virtually all other types of procedures including amputations, paracentesis, laparotomy, hysterectomy, dental extractions…

1845 CE–1862 CE

#8223

Kosmos. Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung. 5 vols. and atlas.

This work includes founding material in geography, plant geography, orography, climatology and meterology, among other sciences, and citations to 9,000 sources. The atlas was issued without Humboldt's participation, a…

1846 CE

#12461

Bibliotheca historico-naturalis. Verzeichniss der bücher über naturgeschichte, welche in Deutschland, Scandinavien, Holland, England, Frankreich, Italien und Spanien in den jahren 1700-1846 erschienen sind.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

1846 CE

#14337

Disquisitiones de structura protuberantia annularis sive pontis Varolii. Untersuchungen über den Bau des Hirnknotens oder der Varoli’schen Brucke. Text and atlas.

Stilling’s great work on the pons Varolii, the structure that links the brain to the spinal cord, includes the first accurate description of the red nucleus (superior olive), a structure in the midbrain involved…

1846 CE

#3368.1

Erfahrungen über die Krankheiten des Gehöres und ihre Heilung.

Schmalz demonstrated the clinical significance of Weber’s hearing test (see No. 3368). He was a student of Weber.

1846 CE

#4527

Klinische Ergebnisse.

Includes (p. 75) a classic description of facial hemiatrophy – “Romberg’s disease”.

1846 CE

#4528

Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen. Bd. 1.

Romberg inaugurated the modern era in the study of diseases of the nervous system. His Lehrbuch is the first formal treatise in this field. On p. 795 is to be found the original description of “Romberg’s s…

1846 CE

#2323

Ueber die Ansteckung und Verbreitung der Scrophelkrankheit bei Menschen durch den Genuss der Kuhmilch.

Klencke showed the possibility of the transmission of tuberculosis to man by cow’s milk. In 1843 he succeeded in inoculating rabbits with tuberculosis.

1846 CE–1848 CE

#331

Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2 vols.

Vol. 2 was published in 1846; Vol. 1 in 1848. Digital facsimiles of both vols. from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. Siebold was the author of Vol. 1, on invertebrates; he introduced the taxa Arthropoda and…

1847 CE

#5659.1

Die Aether gegen den Schmerz.

First application of ether anesthesia for plastic operations. Dieffenbach made his first use of the anesthetic in reconstructing a nose. He modified Morton’s inhaler. Dieffenbach’s work helped bring about …

1847 CE

#5524

Scriptores de sudore anglico superstites. Colliget C. G. Gruner. Post mortem auctoris adomavit et edidit H. Haeser.

A collection of all the important earlier writings on sweating sickness.

1847 CE

#611

Ueber die Erhaltung der Kraft, eine physikalische Abhandlung.

An epoch-making work which led the way to the acceptance of the fundamental physical doctrine of the conservation of energy.

1848 CE

#7318

Beiträge zur Anatomie und Pathologie der menschlichen Haut.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1848 CE

#7314

Die Hautkrankheiten durch anatomische Untersuchungen erläutert.

The first textbook of dermatopathology. "Simon dated the preface of his book April 1st, 1848 and wrote (p. vi and vii) that much has been achieved by meticulous clinical description of diseases of the skin but now att…

1848 CE

#12083

Mittheilungen über die in Oberschlesien herrschende Typhus-Epidemie.

Virchow was one of the first to identify medicine as a social science. He developed a theory of epidemics that emphasized the social circumstances permitting spread of illness. This approach has been called sociologic…

1848 CE–1884 CE

#610

Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität. 2 vols.

A pupil of J. Müller, Emil du Bois-Reymond was the founder of modern electrophysiology. He introduced faradic stimulation and made an exhaustive investigation of physiological tetanus. Above is a collective editi…

1850 CE

#771

Die Hämodynamik nach Versuchen.

1850 CE

#1741

Gerichtliche Leichenöffnungen.

Casper was a great authority on forensic medicine. He also wrote on medical statistics. Above is an important compilation on judicial autopsies.

1850 CE

#6351

Grundlage der Literatur der Pädiatrik.

An extensive bibliography of pediatric literature, containing about 7,000 references.

1851 CE

#5338.1

Beobachtungen über Trichina spiralis in Betriff der Uebertragung der Eingeweidewürmer.

Herbst was the first to demonstrate that an animal eating trichinous flesh would thereby develop trichinae in its own muscles. English translation of part I in Kean (No. 2268.1).

1851 CE

#5866

Beschreibung eines Augen-Spiegels zur Untersuchung der Netzhaut im lebenden Auge.

Invention of the ophthalmoscope, one of the greatest events in the history of ophthalmology. English translation by T. H. Shastid, Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1916.

1851 CE

#6259

Das enge Becken: nach eigenen Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen.

First important work dealing with pelvic deformities since the time of van Deventer. It is a pioneer work in the literature dealing with pelvic architecture; Michaelis was one of the first to differentiate between the…

1851 CE

#8942

Die metallurgischen Krankheiten des Oberharzes.

Brockmann's book on the pulmonary disease of miners, including black lung disease, was first book on occupational health published in Germany. Brockmann published a preliminary paper on the subject in 1845. Digital fa…

1851 CE

#7872

Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Keimung, Entfaltung und Fruchtbildung höherer Kryptogamen (Moose, Farrn, Equisetaceen, Rhizocarpeen und Lycopodiaceen) und der Samenbildung der Coniferen.

Hofmeister described the process of fertilization in non-flowering plants as an alternation of sexual and asexual generations in the mosses, ferns, horsetails and liverworts. He showed that asexual generation propagat…

1851 CE–1854 CE

#5601

Klinische Chirurgie. 3 pts.

Pirogov is considered the greatest Russian surgeon and one of the greatest military surgeons of all time. He was among the first in Europe to employ ether anesthesia. He served in the Crimean campaign and was responsi…

1852 CE

#5866.1

Der Augenspiegel und des Optometer für practische Aerzte.

Ruete introduced a practical lens system for examining the inverted image, and improved the illumination, producing the first practical ophthalmoscope.

1852 CE

#999

Die Verdauungssäfte und der Stoffwechsel.

Even after the work of Prout and Beaumont, some physiologists thought that the free acid of the gastric juice was lactic acid; Bidder and Schmidt finally proved that normally the gastric juice always contains HCl in e…

1852 CE

#440

Geschichte und Bibliographie der anatomischen Abbildung.

In this classic work Choulant traced the evolution of anatomical illustration from the early schematic plates up to his own time, including a valuable bibliography. Reprinted, Wiesbaden, 1974. An English translation b…

1852 CE

#546

Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen.

Isolation of smooth muscle.

1852 CE

#4970

Medicinische Psychologie, oder Physiologie der Seele.

Lotze was a pioneer in the investigation of unconscious and subconscious states.

1853 CE

#684

Atlas der physiologischen Chemie.

1853 CE

#2450

Ueber Cestoden im allgemeinen und die des Menschen insbesondere, hauptsächlich mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Entwickelungsgeschichte, geographischen Verbreitung, Prophylaxe und Abtreibung; für Freunde der Naturwissenschaften, Aerzte, Medicinalpolizei-Beamte, Staats- und Privat-Oekonomen.

Kuchenmeister conducted research on tapeworms, trichinosis, and other parasites and wrote about it several works. In 1852, his theory that bladder-worms are juvenile tapeworms gained the attention of the medical profe…

1854 CE

#5340

Ueber die Band-und Blasenwürmer.

Siebold succeeded in infecting dogs with Taenia echinococcus. Translation by T. H. Huxley Sydenham Society London, 1857.

1855 CE

#3063

Die Haemophilie oder die Bluterkrankheit.

First full clinical description of hemophilia.

1855 CE

#5341

Die in und an dem Körper des lebenden Menschen vorkommenden Parasiten. Ein Lehr- und Handbuch der Diagnose und Behandlung der thierischen und pflanzlichen Parasiten des Menschen. Zum Gebrauche für Studirende der Medicin und der Naturwissenschaften, für Lehrer der Zoologie, Botanik, Physiologie, pathologischen Anatomie und für praktische Ärzte. 2 vols.

English translation of 2nd ed. by Edwin Ray Lankester as On animal and vegetable parasites of the human body: A manual of their natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. 2 vols. London: Sydenham Society, 1857. Digita…

1855 CE

#1995.1

Ueber methodische Electrisirung gelähmter Muskeln.

Discovery of the motor points, the entry points of the nerves into the muscles – essential for stimulating the muscles by electricity.

1855 CE

#5107

Unterschungen und Beobachtungen über die Verbreitungsart der Cholera.

Pettenkofer gave much attention to the etiology of cholera. He postulated the theory that a specific germ, certain local conditions, certain seasonal conditions, and certain individual conditions are all necessary for…