Germany

1830 CE

#538

De glandularum secernentium structura penitiori.

Müller’s most important histological work. In it he described the microscopic anatomy of a large series of secreting glands. Müller’s greatest influence was not so much through his own work as th…

1830 CE

#11452

Organisation, Systematik und geographische Verhältniss der Infusionsthierchen. Zwei Vorträge, in der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin gehalten in den Jahren 1828 und 1830.

In this work Ehrenberg first published his classification of infusioria, including the naming of bacteria for the first time. The work published two papers based on his expeditions. The first, read on January 10, 1828…

1831 CE

#12346

Die Lehre vom Kreislauf vom Harvey. Eine historische Abhandlungen.

Perhaps the earliest essay by a professional historian on the pre-Harveian history of the circulation. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1831 CE–1849 CE

#534.59

Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie der Haus-Saugethiere. 3 vols.

The most comprehensive treatise on malformations of domesticated animals, as well as an important contribution to general teratology. The superb atlas illustrates many rare animal terata. See also his Uber thierische …

1832 CE

#8951

Aeliani de natura animalium libri septemdecim. Verba ad fidem librorum manuscriptorum constituit et annotationibus illustravit Fridericus Jacobs.

The first modern critical edition of the text, which collated medieval manuscripts against the previous printed editions. Digital facsimile of the 1832 edition from the Internet Archive at this link

1832 CE

#6516

Die Tanzwuth, eine Volkskrankheit im Mittelalter.

A study of the dancing mania of the Middle Ages. An English translation (see No. 1678) appeared in 1835.

1832 CE–1833 CE

#480

Abhandlungen zur Bildungs-und Entwicklungs-Geschichte der Menschen und der Thiere. 2 pts.

Rathke’s most notable discovery was of structures homologous with gill slits in bird and mammalian embryos. He discredited the vertebral theory of the skull.

1833 CE

#3366

Erfahrungen über die Erkenntniss und Heilung der langwierigen Schwerhörigkeit.

Kramer’s first and best work. English translation, 1837.

1833 CE

#9668

Ueber das Gift der Fische: mit vergleichender Berücksichtigung des Giftes von Muscheln, Käse, Gehirn, Fleisch, Fett und Würsten, so wie der sogenannten mechanischen Gifte.

Discusses all then known posionsous and venomous fishes, including freshwater and marine species, and includes a "thorough review of practically all the early literature on poisonous and venomous fishes, a list of all…

1834 CE

#4319

Aufsätze und Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Medizin, Chirurgie und Staatsarzneikunde. 1, 196.

First description of “Rust’s disease” – tuberculous spondylitis of the cervical vertebrae.

1834 CE

#481

De necessitate aëris atmosphaerici ad evolutionem pulli in ovo incubito. Dissertatio inauguralis physiologica....

Proof that air is necessary in the development of the embryo. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1834 CE

#1457

De pulsu, resorptione, auditu et tactu. Annotationes anatomicae et physiologicae.

Includes Weber’s law on the relationship between stimulus and sensation. English translation of De tactu, New York Academic Press, 1978. Weber's hearing test is on p.41.

1835 CE

#3367

Die Erkenntniss und Heilung der Ohrenkrankheiten.

Kramer was a pioneer German otologist.

1835 CE

#1717

Kaiser Karl’s des Fünften Peinlich Gerichtsordnung … Hrsg. von R. Schmid.

CONSTITUTIO CRIMINALIS CAROLINA

The Constitutio Criminalis of the Emperor Charles V (circa 1533) is probably the oldest European document of any importance dealing with medical jurisprudence. It authorized judges to call expert witnesses in medico-l…

1835 CE

#11750

Systematisches Handbuch der gerichtlichen Psychologie für Medicinalbeamte, Richter und Vertheidiger.

A comprehensive manual on forensic psychiatry, preceding Isaac Ray's book by three years. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1835 CE

#14133

Ueber die Vermehrung der Pflanzen-Zellen durch Theilung. Eine Inaugural-Dissertation welche zur Erlangung der Doctor-Würde in der Medicin und Chirurgie welche / unter dem Präsidium von Hugo Mohl; vorlegt August Wilhelm Winter.

In his doctoral thesis Mohl reported his discovery of the multiplication of cells by division, later known as mitosis. Digital facsimile from Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

1836 CE

#3763

Commentatio de splenis hypertrophia et historia extirpationis splenis hypertrophici cum fortuna adversa.

While most people in Germany still considered splenectomy beyond the bounds of possibility, Quittenbaum performed the operation in 1829, establishing it as a surgical procedure.

1836 CE

#3679.8

Der Schiefstand der Zähne.

The first specialized orthodontic work in German, on anomalous positions of the teeth. A French translation was issued simultaneously by the same publisher.

1836 CE

#3717

Der Scorbut in geschichtlich-literarischer, pathologischer, prophylactischer und therapeutischer Beziehung.

1836 CE

#10352

Enchiridion medicum, oder Anleitung zur medizinischen Praxis. Vermächtniss einer fünfzigjärigen erfahrung.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link. Translated into English by Caspar Bruchhausen and Robert Nelson as Manual of the practice of medicine: The result of fifty years' experience. London: Hippolyte Baii…

1836 CE

#604

Mechanik der menschlichen Gehwerkzeuge. 1 vol. and atlas.

A pioneering study of the physiology and biomechanics of motion and locomotion. The atlas contains four illustrations that were printed directly from actual bones embedded in plaster of Paris. This is one of the only …

1837 CE

#2750

Akute idiopathische Herzentzündung. In his: Praktische Diagnostik, pp. 118-20

Sobernheim first used the term “myocarditis.”

1837 CE

#12871

Handbuch der Zahnheilkunde: enthaltend Anatomie u. Physiologie, Materia Medica dentaria und Chirurgie. Nach eigen 43 Jar. Erfahrung und viefältigen Beobactungen dargestellt.

The first German handbook of scientific dentistry, a collaboration between the Linderers, father and son. Second edition, revised and expanded by Joseph Linderer, 2 vols, 1842. Digital facsimile of the 1842 edition fr…

1837 CE

#539

Symbolae ad anatomiam villorum intestinalium, imprimis eorum epithelii et vasorum lacteorum.

Henle first described the epithelia of the skin and intestines, and defined the structure and function of columnar and ciliated epithelium. He applied the term “epithelium” to all mucous membranes in the b…

1837 CE

#482

Ueber die Visceralbogen der Wirbelthiere.

First description of the visceral arches in vertebrates.

1838 CE

#111

Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. 1 vol. and atlas of 64 hand-colored engraved plates.

In this monumental work in folio format Ehrenberg extended Otto Friedrich Müller’s bacteriological classification. Like Müller, he made no distinction between protozoa and bacteria, classing them both …

1838 CE

#5743.4

Handbuch der plastischen Chirurgie. Nebst einer Vorrede von J.F. Dieffenbach.

In this work Zeis introduced the term “plastic surgery”. The first half of the work covers the general principles of plastic surgery, and the first history of the subject. The second half describes the spe…

1838 CE

#1262

Observationes anatomicae et microscopicae de systematis nervosi structura.

See No. 1260.

1838 CE

#2612

Ueber den feinern Bau und die Formen der krankhaften Geschwülste. Lief. 1.

This classic work showed that Müller realized the necessity of the cell theory for the comprehension of the nature of cancer. He recognized cells, their nuclei and nucleoli, and could distinguish various types of…

1838 CE–1847 CE

#5852

Klinische Darstellungen der Krankheiten und Bildungsfehler des menschlichen Auges, der Augenlider und der Thränenwerkzeuge nach eigenen Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen. 4 pts.

This great color-plate atlas is probably the best summary of the knowledge of diseases of the eye prior to the introduction of the ophthalmoscope.

1839 CE

#113

Mikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachsthum der Thiere und Pflanzen.

Mainly devoted to the investigation of the elementary structure of animal tissues, Schwann’s Untersuchungen had an important bearing on the development of the doctrine of the cell structure of animal tissue. In …

1839 CE

#10589

Physiognomice pathologica – Krankenphysiognomik. Text in quarto; atlas in folio with 72 hand-colored lithographs.

A second edition in octavo format with 80 small plates was published in 1842. Baumgärtner, a pupil of Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin at Heidelberg, taught that it was possible to make a correct diagnosis …

1839 CE

#1458

Ueber die Compensation der physischen Kräfte am menschlichen Stimmorgan, mit Bemerkungen über die Stimme der Säugethiere, Vögel und Amphibien.

1840 CE

#6921

Der Chemismus in der thierischen Organisation.

Hünefeld accidentally observed the first protein crystals— those of hemoglobin—in partically dried samples of mammalian blood blood pressed between glass plates. On page 160 Hünefeld noted that h…

1840 CE

#4664

Beobachtungen über Lähmungszustände der untem Extremitäten und deren Behandlung.

First description of acute anterior poliomyelitis, which Heine separated from other forms of paralysis; he described the deformities arising from the disease. He also called attention to congenital spastic paraplegia,…

1840 CE

#6502

Geschichte der arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher.

This has traditionally been considered the first major history of Arab medicine. It was written mostly in the form of a chronological series of bio-bibliographies, and should also be considered a pioneering bibliograp…

1840 CE

#328

Ueber die Lymphherzen der Schildkröten.

1840 CE

#6946

Verzeichniss der vom weil. Obermedicinalrath Blumbach nachgelassen Bucher. . . .

Catalogue of the library of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, prepared for its sale at auction. Books were listed for sale individually, organized by size. Author and title and place published were listed, as were the numb…

1840 CE

#2533

Von den Miasmen und Contagien. In his Pathologische Untersuchungen, pp. 1-82.

Bassi’s work on the muscardine disease of silkworms (see No. 2532), with its prophecy of the discovery of microbes as the causal agents of other diseases, inspired Henle to write this famous essay on miasms and …

1841 CE

#543

Allgemeine Anatomie. Lehre von den Mischungs- und Formbestandtheilen des menschlichen Körpers.

Many of the histological discoveries of Henle are described in the above. He classified tissues histologically. In the section on Gefässnerven (pp. 510, 690) Henle demonstrated the presence of smooth muscle in th…

1841 CE

#1219

Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Geschlechtsverhältnisse und der Samenflüssigkeit wirbelloser Thiere.

1841 CE

#8968

Physici et medici Graeci minores. Congressit, ad fidem codd. mss. praesertim eorum, quos beatus Diezius contulerat, veterumque editionum partim emendavit partim nunc prima vice edidit, commentariis criticis indicibusque tam rerum quam verborum instruxit. Edited by Julius Ludwig Ideler. 2 vols.

Includes texts of the following authors: Abitianus, Actuarius, Johannes, Alexander, of Aphrodisias, Andromachus (Senior), Apollonius, Dyscolus, 2nd cent, Archelaus (philosophus), Cassius (Iatrosophistes), Hermes, Tris…

1841 CE

#4323

Ueber die Durchschneidung der Sehnen und Muskeln.

Report on 140 cases of tenotomy for treatment of club-foot.

1842 CE

#30

Antylli veteris chirurgi quae apud Oribasium libro xliv, xlv et L leguntur fragmenta. Dissertatio inauguralis chirurgico-historica....By Friedrich C. F. Wolz.

Antyllus, a Greek surgeon who lived in Rome during the second century CE. is particularly remembered for his work on the surgery of aneurysm. He was first to recognize two forms of aneurysm–one caused by dilatat…

1842 CE

#12862

Arthroplastik oder die sämmtlichen, bisher bekannt gewordenen künstlichen Hände und Füsse, zum Ersatz dieser verloren gegangenen Gliedmassen, nach Manuscripten des...C. A. F. Kluge... bearbeitet und abgebildet von H. E. Fritze. Mit 26 in Stein gravirten Tafeln.

This work with its elaborate series of 26 lithographed schematic drawings was certainly the most comprehensive work on hand and foot protheses of its time. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1842 CE

#6756

Bibliotheca medico-historica: sive, catalogus librorum historicorum de re medica et scientia naturali systematicus.

Additamenta, by Julius Rosenbaum, 2 parts, 1842-47. Reprinted (without Additamenta), 1960.

1842 CE

#8424

De auctorum graecorum versionibus et commentariis syriacis, arabicis, armeniacis persicisque commentatio.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1842 CE

#14132

Die angeborenen chirurgischen Krankheiten des Menschen in Abbildungen dargestellt und durch erläuternden Text erklärt. Mit fünfhundert vierundsiebzig Figuren auf vierunddreissig Kupfertafeln in Folio. 2 vols.

A treatise on malformations of particular interest to surgeons, including facial clefts, urogenital anomalies, anorectal atresias, parasitic twins, and limb duplications. Digital facsimile of the text, without the vol…

1842 CE

#5744

Die plastische Chirurgie.

1842 CE

#1318

Die Selbständigkeit des sympathischen Nervensystems durch anatomische Untersuchungen nachgewiesen.

These writers showed the sympathetic nervous system to consist largely of small, medullated fibers originating from the sympathetic and spinal ganglia.