Facets

2001 CE

#7275

'Millennium Ancestor', a 6-million-year-old bipedal hominid from Kenya - Recent discoveries push back human origins by 1.5 million years.

Living around 6 million years ago, in the Tugen hills region of central Kenya, this species, named Orrorin tugenensis, had small teeth with thick enamel similar to modern humans. It climbed trees, but also probably wa…

2002 CE

#7274

A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, central Africa.

The first paper on Sahelanthropus tchadensis, dating from between 7 and 6 million years ago in West Central Africa (northern Chad). This species had a combination of ape-like and human-like features. Ape-like elements…

1857 CE

#7250

[On the Feldhofer Neanderthal.]

The first account of the Neanderthal remains (Neanderthal 1), discovered in 1856 in the the Feldhofer cave of the Neander valley. The remains, which consist of a partial skull, pelvis and assorted long bones, were sen…

1790 CE

#7657

A companion to the museum, (Late Sir Ashton Lever's) removed to Albion Street, the Surry end of Black Friar's Bridge.

A room by room, case by case guide to Lever's celebrated museum of natural history and ethnography, authorshop of which is unidentified. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1997 CE

#7285

A hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans.

Homo antecessor, an extinct human species (or subspecies) dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, discovered in the Sierra de Atapuerca region of Northern Spain. With A. Rosas, I Martinez and M. Mosquera.

1821 CE

#7772

A journal of travels into the Arkansas territory, during the year 1819. With occasional observations on the manners of the aborigines. Illustrated by a map and other engravings.

Nuttall travelled from Philadelphia, down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to the Arkansas. From there he travelled across Arkansas to the interior of the modern Oklahoma; returning via the Arkansas and Mississippi riv…

1853 CE

#7445

A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes and observations on the climate, geology and natural history of the Amazon Valley.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1921 CE

#7309

A new cave man from Rhodesia, South Africa.

The first fossil human discovered in Africa: Homo rhodesiensis, commonly referred to as the Broken Hill Skull or the Kabwe Cranium.The skull, which most current experts classify as Homo heidelbergensis, was discovered…

1959 CE

#7288

A new fossil from Olduvai.

In 1959 Mary Leakey discovered the "Zinj" skull (OH 5) at Olduvai Gorge. This became the type specimen for Paranthropus boisei, arguably the most famous early human fossil from Olduvai in Northern Tanzania. The specie…

2004 CE

#7286

A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia.

In 2003 a joint Indonesian-Australian research team led by Michael Morwood found LB-1—a nearly complete female skeleton of a tiny human that lived about 80,000 years ago—in Liang Bua cave on the island of …

1978 CE

#7277

A new species of the genus Australopithecus (Primates: Hominidae) from the Pliocene of Eastern Africa.

Johanson and colleagues formally named the species Afarensis of the genus Australopithecus in 1978.

1964 CE

#7270

A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge.

First report on Homo habilis.

1735 CE

#8483

A voyage to Guinea, Brasil and the West Indies; in His Majesty's ships, the Swallow and Weymouth: Describing the several islands and Settlements, viz, Madeira, the Canaries, Cape de Verd, Sierraleon, Sesthos, Cape Apollonia, Cabo Corso, and others on the Guinea coast; Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c. in the West-Indies; the colour, diet, languages, habits, manners, customs, and religions of the respective natives, and inhabitants. With remarks on the gold, ivory, and slave-trade; and on the winds, tides and currents of the several coasts.

Atkins, surgeon on the voyage, included information about the slave trade and the natural history of the Gold Coast. "Atkins describes the manatee accurately, and tells much about fetish worship. He shows that there w…

1961 CE

#214.2

Age of Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyika.

Introduction of the potassium-argon dating method to paleoanthropology, showing that lava at the base of the site of Olduvai Gorge was about 1.8 million years old, and proving that fossils, Australopithecus (Zinjanthr…

1897 CE

#719.1

Alkoholische Gärung ohne Hefezellen.

Discovery of cell-free fermentation, the turning point in the study of enzymes. In 1907 Buchner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation."

1798 CE

#1693

An essay on the principle of population, as it affects the future improvement of society.

Malthus laid down the principle that populations increase in geometrical ratio, but that subsistence increases only in arithmetical ratio. He argued that a stage is reached where increase of populations must be limite…

2009 CE

#14083

Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids.

The authors provide evidence that Ardipithecus may be the beginning of the evolutionary pathway that eventually led to hominids. This pathway was distinct from the evolutionary pathway that led to extant African apes.…

1925 CE

#211.1

Australopithecus africanus: The man-ape of South Africa.

First report on Dart's discovery in 1924 of the first member of the genus Australopithecus, the first hominin found in Africa. In their 150th anniversary issue published on November 4, 2019 the editors of Nature inclu…

1994 CE

#7276

Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia.

Between 1992 and 1994 White and his team discovered the first Ardipithecus ramidus fossils in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia. They named their discovery Ardipithecus ramidus (‘ramid’ means ‘root&r…

2010 CE

#7280

Australopithecus sediba: A New Species of Homo-Like Australopith from South Africa.

Matthew Berger, the young son of Lee Berger, discovered the first specimen of Australopithecus sediba, the right clavicle of MH1, on the 15th of August in 2008. This species of Australopithecus dates to about 2 millio…

1790 CE–1811 CE

#157

Beyträge zur Naturgeschichte. 2 pts.

English translation, London, 1865.

1950 CE

#13912

Catalogue of an exhibition illustrating prehistoric man in health and sickness. With an introduction by E. Ashworth Underwood.

1879 CE–1891 CE

#7591

Catalogue of the specimens illustrating the osteology and dentition of vertebrated animals, recent and extinct, contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 3 vols.: Part 1. Man: Homo sapiens.... Part II: Class Mammalia, other than man... Part III: Class Aves.

Parts 1 and 2 by Flower; part 3 by Sharpe. Digital facsimile of Part 1 from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link, of Part 2 at this link, and Part 3 at this link.

1874 CE

#6585

Contributions to the annals of medical progress and medical education in the United States before and during the War of Independence.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1882 CE

#203.2

Crania ethnica. Les crânes des races humaines décrits et figurés d 'après les collections du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris et les principales collections de la France et de l'étranger par A. de Quatrefages et Ernest T. Hamy: Ouvrage accompagné de planches lithographiées d'après nature par H. Formant et illustré de nombreuses figures intercalées. 2 vols.

Digital facsimile from the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

2002 CE

#8706

Darwin Online. The complete works of Charles Darwin, edited by John van Wyhe.

http://darwin-online.org.uk/AboutUs.html Darwin's Complete Publications Books Origin of Species, Voyage of the Beagle, Descent of Man... Articles Volcanic, Darwin-Wallace paper... Published Letters Life and letters, D…

1908 CE

#11329

Das Gebiss des Menschen und der Anthropomorphen. Vergleichend anatomische Untersuchungen.

1908 CE

#7253

Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg. Ein Beitrag zur Paläontologie des Menschens.

First report on the Mauer jaw discovered by Schoetensack in a sandpit or quarry in the environs of Heidelberg. This was the first fossil specimen unearthed of an extinct hominin species which Schoetensack named Homo h…

1985 CE

#7284

Early Homo erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya.

The Turkana Boy, (KNM-WT 15000) now called Nariokotome Boy, a Homo erectus fossil which was in 2016 the most complete early human skeleton found. It is a nearly complete skeleton of a hominin youth believed to be 1.5 …

1986 CE

#6979

Ecce Homo: An annotated bibliographic history of physical anthropology.

1769 CE

#5304

Essay on the natural history of Guiana, in South America. Containing a description of many curious productions in the animal and vegetable systems of that country. Together with an account of the religion, manners, and customs of several tribes of its Indian inhabitants. Interspersed with a variety of literary and medical observations. In several letters....

Bancroft was an English physician who lived for many years in South America. He noted the transmission of yaws by flies (p. 385 of his book). Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1898 CE

#7670

Essays on museums and other subjects connected with natural history.

Essays on medical and natural historical museums, anthropology, and biography. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

1863 CE

#165

Evidence as to man’s place in nature.

Huxley showed that in the visible characters man differs less from the higher apes than do the latter from lower members of the same order of primates. He also provided the first thorough and detailed comparative desc…

1911 CE

#11837

Health on the farm: A manual of rural sanitation and hygiene.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1469 CE

#89

Historia naturalis, libri XXXVII.

The most ancient Western encyclopedia extant, Pliny’s Historia contained essentially all that was known in his time concerning geography, mineralogy, anthropology, botany, zoology and meteorology. Books XX-XXXII…

1985 CE

#7273

History of physical anthropology in Southern Africa.

1997 CE

#6978

History of physical anthropology: An encyclopedia edited by Frank Spencer. 2 vols.

2016 CE

#8539

History within: The science, culture, and politics of bones, organisms, and molecules.

2014 CE

#13210

Il Museo di storia naturale dell'Università degli studi di Firenze. Vol. 5, Le collezioni antropologiche ed etnologiche.

2014 CE

#10087

Kennewick man: The scientific investigation of an ancient American skeleton. Edited by Douglas W. Owsley and Richard L. Jantz.

" This volume resents the results of the most comprehensive scientific study of one of the most complete ancient human skeletons ever found in North America" (from the introduction). "Kennewick Man is the name general…

1819 CE

#11240

Lectures on physiology, zoology and the natural history of man.

This work set forth Lawrence's then radical and remarkably advanced ideas concerning evolution and heredity. Arguing that theology and metaphysics had no place in science, Lawrence relied instead on empirical evidence…

1836 CE

#7374

Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed.

Thomsen's work established the "Three-Age system," according to which artifacts were first made of stone, then bronze, and then iron. This basic chronology underpins the archaeology of most of the "Old World.”

1881 CE

#7707

Lésions osseuses de l'homme préhistorique en France et en Algérie.

Le Baron attempted diagnosis and predicted etiology on thousands of bones collected at the Musée Broca, the Musée Dupuytren, and the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle.. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica…

1868 CE

#7252

Mémoire sur une sépulture des anciens troglodytes du Périgord.

In March 1868, railway workers clearing away debris from a rock shelter known locally as the Abri de Crô-Magnon (shelter of Crô-Magnon) at Les Eyzies, Dordogne, noticed stone tools and pieces of skeleton i…

1871 CE–1888 CE

#169

Mémoires d’anthropologie. 5 vols.

Most often remembered for his contributions to neurology, Broca was also among the greatest of the French anthropologists. He originated modern craniometry and in that connection devised many craniometric and craniosc…

1859 CE

#7251

Menschliche Ueberreste aus einer Felsengrotte des Düssenthals. Ein Beitrag zur Frage über die Existenz fossiler Menschen.

Fuhlrott’s first detailed account of the “Neanderthal 1” skeleton discovered in 1856 in the Kleine Feldhofer Grotte, located in the Düssel River gorge in southwestern Germany.

1868 CE

#224

Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. Gemeinverständlich wissenschaftliche Vorträge über die Entwickelungslehre im Allgemeinen und diejenige von Darwin, Goethe und Lamarck im Besonderen, über die Anwendung derselben auf den Ursprung des Menschen . . .

Haeckel constructed the first of the now commonplace ancestral trees, depicting the evolution of life from the simplest organisms through 21 stages of development to modern man – the 22nd and final stage. Within…

1995 CE

#7278

New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya.

In 1965, a research team led by Bryan Patterson from Harvard University discovered a single arm bone (KNM-KP 271) of an early human at Kanapoi in northern Kenya, but without additional fossils Patterson could not conf…

2001 CE

#7279

New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages.

In 1998 and 1999, working in the Lake Turkana region of northern Kenya, Meave Leakey and her team found a cranium and other fossil remains of a 3.5 million year old hominin with a mixture of features unseen in other e…

1785 CE

#11450

Notes on the State of Virginia; written in the year 1781, somewhat corrected and enlarged in the winter of 1782, for the use of a foreigner of distinction, in answer to certain queries proposed by him.

Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia in response to a series of questions sent in 1781 to various members of the Continental Congress by François Barbé-Marbois, then secretary to the French leg…