Delayed anaphylaxis, angioedema, or urticaria after consumption of red meat in patients with IgE antibodies specific for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose.

Discovery of mammalian meat allergy (MMA) or Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also called Alpha-gal allergy, a type of meat allergy characterized by delayed onset of symptoms (3-8 hours) after ingesting mammalian meat. The allergy is a reaction to the carbohydrate galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose ("alpha-gal") in which the body is overloaded with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies on contact with the carbohydrate. Bites from specific tick species, such as the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) in the US, and the paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) in Australia have been implicated in the development of this delayed allergic response.

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Order of authorship in the original publication: Commins, Sharma,....Platts-Mills.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)