Lois d’équilibre chimique dans l’état dilué, gazeux ou dissous.

Van’t Hoff stated that osmotic pressure is proportional to the concentration if the temperature remains invariable, and proportional to the absolute temperature if the concentration remains invariable. In 1901 Van't Hoff received the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions."