Orally administered penicillin in patients with rheumatic fever.

Massell and colleagues demonstrated that rheumatic fever could be prevented by penicillin treatment of streptococcal throat infections.  (Order of authorship in the original publication: Massell, Dow, Jones.)

See also: J.R. Goerner, R. F. Massell, T. D. Jones, "Use of pencillin in the treatment of carriers of beta-hemolytic streptococci among patients with rheumatic fever," New Eng. J. Med. 237 (1947) 576–580.