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Historical Bibliography Updated: June 16, 2026

Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.

Publication Details

Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 87, 4576-4579. 1990 CE.

(Order of authorship in the original publication: Woese, Kandler, Wheelis.) Introduction of the three-domain biological classification system that divides cellular life into three forms or domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.  Archaea and bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms, or single-celled organisms, the cells of which have no nucleus. The  Eukarya domain includes all life that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and multicellular organisms

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Digital facsimile from pnas.org at this link.

Catalog MetadataReference Information
Entry Number#12301
Permanent Linkhttps://staging.historyofmedicine.com/entry/14523
Author Bio LinkWikipedia ↗
External URLtowards-a-natural-system-of-organisms-proposal-for-the-domains-archaea-bacteria-and-eucarya